Factors such as age at menopause and breast-feeding practices may influence the risk for the development of certain types of breast cancer, according to the results of a study reported in the August 25 Online Publication issue of Cancer. “Molecular profiling studies have identified subtypes of breast cancer that can be approximately classified by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER-2/neu (HER-2) [human epidermal growth factor receptor 2] expression,” write Amanda I. Phipps, MPH, from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington, and colleagues. “These molecular subtypes are prognostically significant, but to the authors’ knowledge, differences in their etiologic profiles have not been established. Reproductive factors may plausibly be differentially correlated with the risk of different breast cancer subtypes because these factors are presumed to impact exposure to endogenous sex hormones.” Pooled data from 2 population-based, case-control studies of breast cancer in women ages 55 to 79 years included 1476 control subjects and 1023 cases of patients with luminal breast cancer, 39 cases of patients with HER-2–overexpressing breast cancer, and 78 cases of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. To compare each case group with control subjects, the investigators used polytomous logistic regression. The associations varied based on molecular subtype. Early age at menarche was associated only with the risk for HER-2–overexpressing disease (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 - 5.5). In contrast, breast-feeding for 6 months was protective only for luminal breast cancer (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6 - 1.0) and triple-negative disease (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3 - 0.9). Predictive factors of the risk for luminal disease were older age at menopause (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1 - 2.2) and use of estrogen plus progestin hormonal therapy (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3 - 2.1). There were no differences by Read More This Post...
It is believed that if food is heated to over 116 deg. F enzymes which assist in digestion and absorption of the food are destroyed. Raw food diet is based on the use of uncooked and unprocessed plant food such as fresh vegetables, fruits, seed, sprouts, grains, nuts, dried fruits, etc. To derive the full benefit of raw food diet our diet must comprise at least 75 % of the raw and living components. Raw food is low on saturated fats and components of hydrogenated oils as compared to the conventional diet. It has low sodium content and is richer in magnesium, folate and potassium. It has higher fiber content and it contains phytochemicals which are health promoting plant chemicals. Raw food diet has less fat, less calories. Raw food has many benefits. It improves digestion and improves skin appearance. It gives increased energy and it reduces risk of heart diseases, diabetes and cancer. It can lead to healthy weight loss. What can you eat in Raw Food Diet Use organic and unprocessed items such as fresh fruits and vegetables, beans, seeds, fruits. Grains, nuts, legumes, dried fruits, seaweed are permitted. Purified water and young cocoanut milk are also permitted. What cooking techniques can be used Food should not be heated to 116 deg. F; such high temperature heating destroys the enzymes and the beneficial properties of raw food. Sprouting of beans, seeds and grains make them easier on digestion at the same time providing their flavor and variety. Similarly you can soak nuts and dried fruits. Juicing of fruits and vegetables as well as blending with other items will add variety to diet. You can use dehydrated food also. Precautions Raw food diet is basically very healthy but some people who have been previously used to diets rich in meat, caffeine or sugar may have mild but harmless reactions when they start on raw food diet. They may experience nausea, headaches or cravings for a few days. Raw food diet is not suitable for pregnant or nursing women or children. Read More This Post...
Replica watches are really the best substitution of the original watches and are in no respect less than the original watches. Replica watches are easily affordable as well due to its reasonable price. So do buy Replica Watch but keep few points in mind while purchasing it. Make it sure that 10:10 is not the time in the watches presented on the picture. Always take use of the credit card that has complete fraud protection. Don’t do payments by bank wire, Western Union or money order. While using the credit card you can be certain that you will get back your paid amount if you get no watch. If you would have used wire money or use Western Union, the probability of being paid your money back would have been very slight. Also, another fine alternative can be to pay the amount by COD (cash on delivery), but first look at the product and then decide that whether you would like to pay or not. If you are not satisfied with the product and you are not given what you were promised don’t buy the product. You must not at all buy a very costly replica watch. So just keep these things in mind and go buy replica watches, which you think is the best for you because such high-class watches with latest equipped facilities are hard to get at a reasonable rate. Read More This Post...
North Carolina Mountain Cabins are world most outfitted, fully furnished cabin which provide high quality service for their vacationers. Just one and a half mile from The Great Smokies National Park this gives the name among the best area for tourist cabin. Cabins in North Carolina provide some facilities some of them are open air ventilated and central heating system, hot tubs, satellite TV and with completely outfitted kitchens. North Carolina Cabins situated only two and a half miles from City Bryson of the Fontana Street and Lakeview drive. If your choice is quite silence, restful getaway in North Carolina Mountain Cabins, the best places is to choose is The Rock Creek Cabins which will take you away from over crowd and jamming places with some beautiful normal site and scene. Bryson City is a small country in the Western North Carolina, with perfectly rich in outdoor activities and is a central hub of North Carolina Mountain Cabins. Trip to Bryson City and taking a ride of North Carolina Mountain Cabins at Rock Creek will take you back to a simpler and most affordable place without wasting any time. You can get more information about the North Carolina Mountain Cabins by visiting www.maggievalleyclub.com. Read More This Post...
PD is characterized by fibrosis of the tunica albuginea secondary to aberrant wound healing. Typically, no predisposing trauma is recollected by the patient. However, biochemical examination of acutely diseased tunical tissue shows a typical cascade of wound-healing pathways leading to eventual fibrosis. This process can be subdivided into the acute proliferative phase and subsequent remodeling phase characterized by maturation of fibrosis and scar formation. The cascade begins with exposure of platelets to collagen, thus activating the coagulation cascade and leading to the release of potent chemoattractant molecules, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1 (IL-1). Fibrin is deposited to act as a matrix for subsequent repair. Inflammatory cells, beginning with neutrophils and followed by macrophages, infiltrate the area. These cells not only perpetuate the inflammatory signaling cascade but also stimulate the release of growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The proliferative phase involves the influx of fibroblasts and deposition of collagen types I and III. The remodeling phase involves the tightly regulated interaction of profibrotic and antifibrotic substances, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), that are responsible for final scar formation. Recent research into the etiology of PD implies an imbalance between profibrotic and antifibrotic substances. Overexpression of TGF-beta1 has been shown to induce penile plaques in the rat model. TGF-beta1 has also been shown to be overexpressed in PD plaques as compared with patients without evidence of PD. Another group of profibrotic proteins includes fibrin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Like TGF-beta1, fibrin has been shown to induce plaque formation in an animal model; levels of PAI-1 are elevated in Read More This Post...